FINLANDIA SCHOOLA Network Topology is the physical or logical layout(the arrangement or "map") of a network. It describes how all the computers(nodes) and devices are physically connected to each other.
Types of Topologies
1. Bus Topology: it is the simplest topology. All computers and devices are connected one by one to a single main cable, called the "backbone" or "bus". Data is sent onto the main cable. All computers "listen" for data addressed to them. "Terminators" are placed at each end of the cable to stop the signal from bouncing.
Advantages
1. Very simple and easy to install
2. Uses the least amount of cable, making it cheap
Disadvantages
a. Main cable failure: if the main backbone cable breaks anywhere, the entire network fails.
b. Difficult to troubleshoot: It is hard to find the exact location of a problem
2. Star Topology: It is the most common topology used in modern LANs. All computers are connected individually to a central device (a Switch or Hub). It looks like a star..
All data must pass through the central switch. The switch then directs the data only to the intended computer.
Advantages
a. Reliable: if one computer breaks down, only that one is affected
b. Easy to manage:
Disadvantages
a. Central point of failure: if the switch of hub fails, the entire network fails
b. More cable: uses more cable than a bus topology.
3. Ring Topology: Here, each computer is connected directly to two other computers, one on each side, forming a continuous circle or ring.
Data travels around the ring in one direction, passing from one computer to the next until it reaches its destination.
Advantages
a. Works well under heavy traffic as there are no "collision"
b. No central server or switch is needed
Disadvantages
a. Single point of failure
b. Difficult to add or remove computers