FINLANDIA SCHOOLHardware refers to the physical components of a computer system that you can see and touch.
The Von Neumann architecture
This is the basic model for all modern computers. It states that a computer has 4 main parts
1. The CPU(Central Processing Unit): The "brain" that performs calculations
2. Memory: stores data and instructions
3. Input devices: used to get information into the computer. examples are: keyboard, Mouse/touchpad, microphone,webcam/camera, scanner
4. Output devices: used to get data out of the computer in a human readable form. Examples are monitor, printer, speakers, projector.
PROCESSING AND STORAGE DEVICES
Processing:
CPU: The brain. It fetches, decodes, and executes instructions. Its speed is measured in GigaHertz(GHz)
GPU(Graphic Processing Unit): A specialized processor optimized for handling complex visual data (for gaming, video editing, AI)
Storage(memory)
1. Primary storage(volatile memory)
RAM(Random Access Memory): The computer's workbench or short term memory. It holds all the data and programs you are currently using. It is volatile.
2. Secondary storage(non-volatile memory)
The computer's filing cabinet or long term memory. It stores the OS, your files and software. It is non volatile.
Examples
a. Hard Disk Drive(HDD): Older, mechanical(spinning platters)
b. Solid state drive(SDD): Newer, faster, no moving parts
c. USB Flash Drive; Portable storage
d. CD/DVD ROM
System devices: these are the core components inside the computer case, essential for its basic operations. it includes: Motherboard, CPU, RAM, Power supply
Peripheral Devices: These are the "add-on" devices, usually external, that add functionality. They are not essential for the computer to boot. They include all input devices, all output devices, external storage.