The Almagamation of Nigeria

Meaning of Amalgamation

Amalgamation refers to the process of combining two or more entities, organizations, or territories into a single entity. In the context of Nigerian history, amalgamation refers to the union of the Northern and Southern Protectorates of Nigeria into a single colony.

Reasons for Amalgamation of Nigeria Territories

The British colonial authorities amalgamated the Northern and Southern Protectorates of Nigeria in 1914 for several reasons:

1. Economic Reasons: The British wanted to create a single, economically viable entity that could generate enough revenue to sustain itself. The North was rich in agricultural products, while the South was rich in mineral resources.
2. Administrative Convenience: Amalgamation simplified the administrative process, as the British could now govern the entire territory from a single capital, Lagos.
3. Strategic Location: Nigeria's strategic location in West Africa made it an important hub for trade and commerce. Amalgamation enabled the British to control the entire region and expand their influence.
4. Fear of European Rivalries: The British were concerned about the growing influence of other European powers in the region. Amalgamation helped to secure British control over the territory and prevent rival powers from gaining a foothold.

Process of Amalgamation

The process of amalgamation was carried out in the following steps:

1. Appointment of a Governor-General: Lord Frederick Lugard, the Governor of the Northern Protectorate, was appointed as the Governor-General of the newly amalgamated colony.
2. Creation of a Central Legislature: A central legislature was established to make laws for the entire colony.
3. Integration of Administrative Systems: The administrative systems of the North and South were integrated, with the British introducing a uniform system of governance.
4. Unification of Currency and Trade: The British introduced a single currency, the Nigerian pound, and unified trade policies to facilitate economic growth.

The amalgamation of Nigeria's territories had far-reaching consequences, shaping the country's history, politics, and economy for generations to come.