TOTAL CHILD SCHOOL, PORT HARCOURTWEEK: 7
TOPIC: POPULATION
SUB-TOPIC: POPULATION DENSITY AND MATHEMATICAL APPROACH IN POPULATION
POPULATION DENSITY: Population density is the number of people living per square kilometre of land.
Formula:
Population Density = Total Population ÷ Land Area
AREAS OF HIGH POPULATION DENSITY IN NIGERIA
Examples include:
Reasons for High Population Density
AREAS OF LOW POPULATION DENSITY IN NIGERIA
Examples include:
Reasons for Low Population Density
MATHEMATICAL APPROACH TO POPULATION
The mathematical approach to population means using numbers to calculate changes in population.
We use:
EASY FORMULAS TO REMEMBER
SIMPLIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
QUESTION 1
The birth rate of a country is 40 per thousand and the death rate is 15 per thousand.
Calculate the natural increase.
SOLUTION (STEP BY STEP)
Step 1: Write the formula
Natural increase = Birth rate − Death rate
Step 2: Substitute the values
= 40 − 15
Step 3: Subtract
= 25 per thousand
QUESTION 2
A town has a population of 80,000. The natural increase is 20 per thousand.
Find the increase in number of people.
SOLUTION (STEP BY STEP)
Step 1: Write the formula
Increase = (Natural increase ÷ 1000) × Total population
Step 2: Substitute values
= (20 ÷ 1000) × 80,000
Step 3: Calculate
= 1,600 people
QUESTION 3
In a country, the birth rate is 35 per thousand and the death rate is 10 per thousand.
(a) Find the natural increase.
(b) If the population is 100,000, find the increase in population.
ANSWER
(a)Natural increase = 35 − 10 = 25 per thousand
(b)Increase = (25 ÷ 1000) × 100,000 = 2,500 people
QUESTION 4
The population of a country is 12,000,000 and the land area is 400,000 square kilometres.
Calculate the population density.
ANSWER (STEP BY STEP)
Step 1: Write the formula
Population density = Population ÷ Land area
Step 2: Substitute
= 12,000,000 ÷ 400,000
Step 3: Divide
= 30 persons per square kilometre
QUESTION 5
(a) What is meant by the mathematical approach to population?
(b) State the formula used to calculate population growth.
(c) If the birth rate of a country is 45 per thousand and the death rate is 20 per thousand, calculate the population growth rate.
ANSWER
(a) The mathematical approach to population is the use of numerical data such as birth rate, death rate, and migration to calculate changes in population size.
(b) Population Growth Rate = Birth Rate – Death Rate
(c)
Birth rate = 45 per thousand
Death rate = 20 per thousand
Population growth rate = 45 – 20
= 25 per thousand
QUESTION 6
The population of a town is 120,000. The birth rate is 40 per thousand while the death rate is 15 per thousand.
(a) Calculate the natural increase in population.
(b) State TWO factors that can affect population growth.
ANSWER
(a)Natural increase = Birth rate – Death rate
= 40 – 15
= 25 per thousand
Natural increase in number =
(\frac{25}{1000} \times 120,000 = 3,000)
Therefore, the natural increase in population is 3,000 people.
(b) Factors affecting population growth:
QUESTION 7
In a country, the birth rate is 50 per thousand, the death rate is 18 per thousand, immigration rate is 7 per thousand, and emigration rate is 4 per thousand.
(a) Calculate the population growth rate.
(b) State TWO reasons for migration.
ANSWER
(a)Population growth rate = (Birth rate + Immigration rate) – (Death rate + Emigration rate)
= (50 + 7) – (18 + 4)
= 57 – 22
= 35 per thousand
(b) Reasons for migration:
QUESTION 8
(a) Define population density.
(b) State the formula for calculating population density.
(c) If the total population of a country is 30 million and the land area is 600,000 square kilometres, calculate the population density.
ANSWER
(a) Population density is the number of people living per square kilometre of land.
(b)Population Density = Total Population ÷ Land Area
(c) 30,000,000 /600,000} = 50)
Therefore, the population density is 50 persons per square kilometre.