FINLANDIA SCHOOLADDRESSING
Internet Protocol (IP) address: is a unique numerical label assigned to every device (computer, phone, server) on a network. Its purpose is identification and location addressing.
Versions
1. IPv4
The "okl"(but still dominant) version
Format: 32-bit number, written as four 8-bit numbers (0-255)
Example: 172.217.14.228(this is one of Google's addresses)
Problem: It only allows for 4.3 billion addresses. We ran out
2. IPv6
The "new" version designed to solve the address shortage
Format: 128-bit number written in hexadecimal
Example: 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334
Public IP: Your one address on the global internet. Your router gets this from your ISP (MTN GLO etc)
Private IP: the internet addresses used inside your home or school network(e.g. 192.1681.5). These are not reachable from the internet. Your router acts as the "gatekeeper".
SUBNETTING
This is the process of taking one large network and logically dividing it into smaller sub-networks(subnets).
You can put the "Accounts" department on one subnet and "Students Wi-Fi" on another. They can't see each other's traffic. It reduces "broadcast traffic"(network noise)
How it works: The subnet mask
The subnet mask is a number that "masks" off a part of the IP address to separate it into two parts: the Network ID and the Host ID
IP address:192.168.1.10(who is in this device?)
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0(what network is it on?)
The255s mean "this part is in the network." The 0 means "this part is the host"
So for 192.168.1 with mask 255.255.255.0
Network ID: 192.268.1
Host ID:10
Any device with the 192.168.1 Network ID is on the same subnet.
NETWORK PROTOCOLS
Protocols are the rules and standards that allow different devices to communicate. They are the "language" of the internet.
The TCP/IP Suite: This is the collection of all the main protocols
Key protocols to know
1. IP
2. Transmission Control Protocol: it breaks a large file into numbered packets, sends them, and check if they all arrived correctly. If not it resends them.
3. User Datagram Protocol (UDP): The fast Protocol. It just send the packets and doesn't check
4. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol(HTTP): Protocol viewing website
5. HTTPs(HTTP Secure): The secure, encrypted version of HTTP.
6. File Transfer Protocol: For uploading and downloading large files.
7. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol(SMTP): For sending email
8. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol(DHCP): Protocol that automatically assigns an IP address to your phone/laptop when you join a network