FINE BREED ACADEMYTOPIC: Communication Systems
OBJECTIVES:
1.Full meaning of 'ICT'
2.Types of ICT
3.Broadcasting: Radio broadcasting, Television broadcasting, Satellite TV systems.
DEFINITION AND MEANING OF ICT
ICT is an acronym that stands for Information and Communications Technology
Information is data that has been processed to be meaningful to the receiver.
Communication is the process of sharing ideas, information, and messages with others in a particular time and place. It could be verbal or non-verbal.
Technology is a general term for the processes by which human beings fashion tools and machines to increase their control and understanding of the material environment.
Therefore, ICT can be seen as the convergence (merging) of telephone networks with computer networks through a single cabling or link system to transmit information from one place to another. ICT also refers to technologies that provide access to information through telecommunications. Modern information and communication technologies have created a "global village," in which people can communicate with others across the world as if they were living next door.
On the other hand, information technology (IT)' is the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware. IT deals with the use of electronic computers and
computer software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit and securely retrieve information electronically. Information Technology can also be defined as the processing and distribution of data using computer hardware and software, telecommunications, and digital electronics. Products of ICT include personal computers (PCs), digital television, email, robots, tablets, ipads, etc.
TYPES OF ICT
1.Broadcasting
2.Telecommunication
3.Data Network
4.Information System
5.Satellite Communication
1.BROADCASTING
Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and video content to a dispersed audience through a medium such as radio, television, etc. The original term "broadcast" refers to the literal 'sowing of seeds on farms by scattering them over a wide field, Broadcasting forms a very large segment of the mass media.
Broadcasting to a very narrow range of audience is called 'narrowcasting'.
Types of Broadcasting
(i) Radio Broadcasting: is an audio (sound) broadcasting service, broadcast through the air as radio waves from a transmitter to an antenna and therefore to a receiving device. Broadcasting may be via AM (Amplitude Modulator) or FM (Frequency Modulation) stations. It is a unidirectional wireless transmission over radio waves intended to reach a wide audience. Stations can be linked in radio networks to broadcast a common radio format. Broadcasting by radio takes several forms. I hese include AM and FM stations.
(ii) Television Broadcasting: Digital television broadcasting is the transmission of audio and video by digital signals (1s and Os) while analogue transmits audio and video using analog signals (signals with varying amplitude or frequency). Broadcasting on TV is usually on VHF (Very-High Frequency) or UHF (Ultra-High Frequency). It is a telecommunication medium used for transmitting moving images in monochrome (black-and-white), or in color, and in two or three dimensions and sound. The term can refer to a television set, a television program ("TV show"), or the medium of television transmission. Television is a mass medium for entertainment, education, news, politics, gossip, and advertising
(iii) Satellite TV System Broadcasting: is a service that delivers television programming to the viewers by relaying it from a communications satellite orbiting the Earth directly to the viewer's location. The signals are received via an outdoor parabolic antenna usually referred to as a satellite dish and a low-noise block down converter.
A satellite receiver then decodes the desired television programme for viewing on a television set. Receivers can be external set-top boxes, or a built-in television tuner. Satellite television provides a wide range of channels and services. It is the only television available in many remote geographic areas without terrestrial television or cable television service.
ASSIGNMENT
Multiple Choice Questions
1. ICT is an acronym for:
(a) Information Communication Transfer
(b) Information and Communications Technology
(c) Information and Communication Iransportation
(d) Information Certification Technology
2. The technology involved in the use of hard and software to convert, store, process, and transmit
information is:
(a) Information Technology
(b) Information and Communication Technology
(c) Information System
(d) Information Technology Transfer
3. Narrowcasting is:
(a) An acronym for information transmission
(b) Transmission of audio and video to a narrow range of people
(c) Transmission of information to a particular group of listeners
(d) Telecommunication over a small distance
4. The distribution of audio or video signals to an audience is known as:
(a) Telecommunication
(b) Data Network
(c) Broadcasting
(d) Satellite Communication
5. The parabolic mirror used to receive signals is referred to as:
(a) Satellite Dish
(b) Satellite Transmitter
(c) Signal Antenna
(d) Communication Parabola
THEORY
1. Differentiate between Broadcasting and Narrowcasting.
2. List THREE types of ICT.
3. What is web streaming?